Important Questions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World आधुनिक विश्व में चारवाहे
Question 1:
Which pastoralist community lives in Jammu and Kashimir? Which animals do the people of this community keep?
जम्मू और कश्मीर में कौन-सा चरवाहा समुदाय रहता है? इस समुदाय के लोग किन जानवरों का पालन करते हैं?
Answer
The pastoralist community that lives in Jammu and Kashmir is the Gujjars and Bakarwals.
Animals they keep:
Cattle
Sheep
Goats
The Bakarwals mainly rear sheep and goats, while the Gujjars are known for rearing cattle and buffaloes. They migrate seasonally in search of pasture.
जम्मू और कश्मीर में रहने वाला चरवाहा समुदाय गुज्जर और बकरवाल है।
इस समुदाय के लोग निम्न जानवरों का पालन करते हैं:
भैंस
भेड़ बकरियाँ
गाय
बकरवाल मुख्य रूप से भेड़ और बकरियाँ पालते हैं, जबकि गुज्जर गाय और भैंस पालते हैं। वे चरागाह की खोज में मौसमी प्रवास करते हैं।
Question 2:
Why did nomardic pastoralists migrate? Write any three reasons.
घुमंतू समुदाय के लोग अपना स्थान क्यों बदलते है? कोई तीन कारण लिखिए।
Answer
(1) Search for Pasture Nomadic pastoralists moved from one place to another in search of fresh grass for their animals. When the grass in one area was finished, they had to move to another area.
(2) Availability of Water They migrated to find water sources like rivers, lakes, or wells for their livestock, especially during the dry season.
(3) Seasonal Changes Due to changes in seasons (summer, winter, rainy season), they moved to suitable climates. For example, in summer they moved to higher mountains for cooler weather, and in winter they came down to plains.
घुमंतू पशुपालक समुदाय के लोग निम्नलिखित कारणों से अपना स्थान बदलते थे:
(1) चरागाह की खोज में – जब किसी स्थान पर घास समाप्त हो जाती थी, तो वे अपने पशुओं के लिए नई घास की तलाश में दूसरी जगह चले जाते थे।
(2) पानी की उपलब्धता के लिए – पशुओं के लिए पानी की आवश्यकता होती थी, इसलिए वे जल स्रोतों के पास जाते थे।
(3) मौसमी बदलाव के कारण – मौसम के अनुसार वे ठंडे या गर्म स्थानों की ओर जाते थे।
(b) Describe any three impact’s of the Forest Law on the lives pastoralists.
वन कानूनों के पास होने से चरवाहों के जीवन पर पड़ने वाले किन्हीं तीन प्रभावों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer
Three Impacts of Forest Laws on the Lives of Pastoralists:
(1) Restriction on Grazing – After the Forest Laws were passed, many forests were declared Reserved Forests. Pastoralists were not allowed to take their cattle inside these forests freely. This reduced grazing areas and created difficulties for them.
(2) Loss of Traditional Rights – Earlier, pastoralists had traditional rights to use forest land for grazing and collecting forest produce. The new laws took away these rights or limited them, affecting their livelihood.
(3) Forced Migration and Fines – Many pastoralists had to change their migration routes. If they entered restricted forests, they were fined or punished. This made their life more difficult and uncertain.
